Monday, 28 July 2014

CIRCULAR KNITTING MACHICES

Circular Knitting m/cs are widely used through out the knitting industry to produce fabric. This m/c can be built in almost any reasonable diameter and the small diameter of up to five, which are used for wear.
             Plain circular m/c uses only onsets of needles, circular rib m/c uses two sets of needles i.e. Cylinder needle and Dial needle, interlock circular knitting m/c also uses two sets of needles by needles are long and short respectively for both dial and cylinder, that is why multiple design and thick fabric can be produce with that m/c. That m/c is also called double Jersey m/c.

M/c. Gauge: Needle / inch (varies according to diameter)
Needle Type: Latch.
Needle bed type: Single cylinder, Double Cylinder, Cylinder and Dial long or short needles
for cylinder and dial

Two principle operations exist:
English system: Where the cams and yarns strands revolve by the needle and fabric take down is stationery.
American system: Where the needles and fabric take down revolves by cams and yarn strands are stationery.

DIFFERENT PARTS OF CIRCULAR KNITTING M/C:
1. Yarn strand
2. Wheel
3. Tension wire

4. Belt
5. VDQ pulley
6. Feeder
7. Cam
8. Cam box
9. Sinker & sinker cam (For single jersey m/c)
10. Needle
11. Fan
12. Take up roller
13. Cloth roller
14. Cylinder
15. Dial (For double jersey m/c)
IMPORTANTANT EQUIPMENT OF CICULAR KNITTING M/C.
1. START/ STOP/INCH BUTTONS:
                 Complete set of easily accessible start/ stop/inch buttons 
               at top in each leg.

2. RATCHET LEVER:
                 Permit hand movement of the M/C.
3. AUTO  STOP MOTION:
                Automatic three stage 24v yarn motion, positive feed tapes &              
                knitting zone. Indicator lamps are on individual stop motion & on the       
                main control panel. While the yarn is broken we can find the location                    
                which is broken as well as to  repair , meanwhile the motor can brake       
                and stop operation at once to keep the security of M/C.

4. FREE STANDING SIDE CREEL:       
            Reserve package for each feed.
5. AUTO – COUNTER:
            Two shift revolutions with display counter with predetermined stop   
             settle freely the weight or yardage of fabric.

6. VAIABLESPEED DRIVE WITH M/C BRAKE:
Transistor inverter provide for free controlled, the process of “V.S. motor – drive” from slow operation to normal operation is quite & fast brake to prevent damages in case of needles or yarn breakage.

7. FABRIC TASKE UP SYSTEM:
            With variable speed control by a belt drive set can be adjusted the speed
          for different course of fabric- constant and uniform fabric tension.
8. SEFTY GUARD SWITCH:
            Machine can not be Started with guard open, these guard have  
          reinforced fiberglass window  for easy fabric inspection.

9. AUTO LUBRICATION:
           The automatic central pressurized oil sprayer can be adjusted at cycling time and quantity to make cylinder , dial,, sinker ring’s cam, needles and sinkers lubricated  enough , besides it has the function cooling and clearing.

10. AUTO-LINE REMOVAL SYSTEMS:
             Three fans on each rotating arm for clearing off any dust of creel and   knitting zone.

Adjustment of VDQ pulley:

             There are 3 disc plates in VDQ pulley arrangements. Central plate contains scale & plastic segments on both sides. The plastic segment can move outwards & inwards which increase & decrease the dia of the VDQ pulley.  
     
            The central disc which is the main disc of  VDQ pulley . It has a straight track for the plasic segment which goes from the center to outwards. The central disc has marked point on its wall by a grooved scale.



picture





      
            And the outer disc has a round track/ spiral track or complicated round track. It has a marking point to the scale of central disc for the adjustment of stitch length and GSM.

          When the track of outer disc rotates, then the plastic segment moves on the track of central disc. And thus the Dia of VDQ pulley changes. Here central disc is

fixed & the two outer disc can rotates . when the outer disc rotates anti- clockwise, then the Dia of VDQ pulley increase & vice versa . The outer disc is rotated by the nut bolt system.
Gearing of take down mechanism.

Ø Motor drives cylinder by pulley or gear mechanism.
Ø As cylinder rotates, it rotates cylinder take down  frame.
Ø A ring is adjusted at the base of the machine & adjusted with the take down frame. It also rotates with the frame rotation.
Ø A fixed position is adjusted inside the ring which gives rotation to a bevel gear with it own teeth.
Ø Bevel ger transfer motion to a sprocket wheel by a horizontal shaft.
Ø Sprocket wheel drives a pulley which again transferred motion to the pinion attached to the takedown tensioning roller.
Ø Thus the take down rollers tension is adjusted & the production is continued.

Central stitching:
Ø A device named central stitching  point t is attached on the machine frame .
Ø A gear is adjusted just below to this point .This point is rotated by key & gives motion to the gear.
Ø The gear transfer motion to the cylinder  gear train & thus cylinder can rotates either anti clockwise direction at a slight motion.
Ø Thus cylinder base is threaded such as nut bolt system.
Ø When cylinder rotates anticlochwise it rises upwards & vice versa.
Ø Rising of cylinder means tension decrease . Lowering of cylinder means tension increase.
Ø Thus central stitching is complete.
Synchronized timing Delayed timing:

               Synchronized & delayed timing is used in knitting for loop formation principle.Usually fore synchronized & delayed timing two typed of cam is used.
One is synchronized cam and other is delayed cam. The nose of delayed rises much time is required for loop formation. On the other hand the nose of synchronized cam is lower in position on comparing to the nose of  delayed cam. For this here the time of needle movement reduce on comparing  to delayed cam.
               There is device on the dial at the central of cylinder circle which used to move the dial left & right.
               There are two screws on the device. If we rotate the left screw then the dial will move to the left side.
               This mechanism is required because if we change the synchronized cam to the delayed cam then the needle move more forward  in dial. So there is a possibility to have a friction between the needle and the feeder .
And thus there is a possibility of needle breakage . So if we can move the dial to left side then needles will also moved to the left . So we should be able to avoid friction.  




                                                               Picture





Uses:
Synchronized cam: Synchronized cam can be used for all types of fabric.
Delayed cam: Delayed cam is used for Lycra ,1X1 Rib etc. Because it produce elasticity to this type of fabnric. In delayed cam the needle move much forward so the yarn like lycra extend and after this production the the length of lycra again decrease and thus it produce elasticity to the fbric.

Inverter:
            Invertger is a device which controls / adjusts the motor rpm according to requirement . A motor can provide rpm more than 1000 . But the knitting machines don’t need such more rpm. Cylinder rotates not more than
30 rpm for better quality opf fabrics & inspection purpose & also for resisting  sparking or explosion due to friction . This 30 rpm can be provided by inverter from supply.
Inverter can also stop m/c instantaneously if there is any yarn breakage or another problem. Inverter performs this action as a breaking system.
Inverter mainly acts by using voltage differentiation & variation of current frequency. This voltage variation actually controls motor rpm.
Inverter is of following types:
·        Yaskawa
·        Mitsubishi
·        LG
·        Shihlin

Oil mechanism:
            Oil card is uniwave types in mondol fabrics ltd.-
UNIWAVE-Mechanically controlled.
Uniwave:
This one is mechanical oil controller. Here a pipe of air is connected to oil box. The downward pressure of air from air compressor creates the upward
 movement of oil from oil box. Uniwave contains 18 individual nozzles which oils 18 individual location of the m/c. In time of oiling oil tube or pipes passes oil with some globules of air & the amount of globules depend on the required amount of oil passing through the nozzles for the specification location.
Oil classification:
SAE=22-Standard
        <22-low viscosity
        >22-high viscosity
Operating instruction of single jersey & double jersey m/c:
1. Auto counters LED display:
           The led display can show the massage:
§  No. of revolution per shift.
§  Error massage.    
2. RPM meter:
            This meter shows actual rpm of the m/c.
Function keys:
1. Set up:
            This key is used for setting the total desired revolution per production batch. For example, to set 1500 revolution as the desired no. of revolutions,
Step1: Press set up key
Step2: Use key to key in 1500
Step3: Press enter key
To change setting it will repeat same steps but with new figure.
2. READ key:
            This key is used for reading the no. of revolutions recorded by each shift while shift indicator light is on.
3. TOTAL key:
            Hold down total key to show the sum of  A shift, B shift, C shift.
4. Forced jog:
            If the m/c needs to run slowly then jogging motion is needed. Before activating this function, ensure that all needle latches are their in correct position. When any of yarn fault stop motion is activated, the JOG & STOP functions will be automatically disable in order to run m/c electrically at jogging speed to retain the yarn, hold down the JOG & STOP key simultaneously. This function is meant to protect light bulb of MER by preventing them from overheating.
5. RESET key:
            This key is for zeroing the record on total no. of revolution per batch and total no. of revolutions of each shift.

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